French refuse to implement biotech patent directive

To patent or not to patent: the European Union's new biotech directive.

IV. PATENTABILITY OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INVENTIONS IN EUROPE............................................................................ 583 A. The European Patent Convention............................. 583 B. Directive 98/44/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union on the Legal Protection of Biotechnological Inventions ...... 589 1. Procedure for Adoption of a Directi...

Competing Business Models in the French Biotech Industry

Public authorities have recently supported development of the biotechnology sector by encouraging start-ups and creating favourable environments such as incubators, a specialised stock exchange or technopoles. The different programmes to encourage biotech development (subsidies for research performed jointly by firms and academic labs, subsidies for start-ups, creation of incubators) seem to be...

Hospitals’ Readiness to Implement Clinical Governance

Background Quality of health services is one of the most important factors for delivery of these services. Regarding the importance and vital role of quality in the health sector, a concept known as “Clinical Governance” (CG) has been introduced into the health area which aims to enhance quality of health services. Thus, this study aimed to assess private and public hospitals’ readiness to impl...

Analysis of Implement-Criminal Policy Discourses to Control Drug Abuse

Objective: In this study, implement-criminal policy discourses to control drug abuse were analyzed. Method: The present research was descriptive-analytical and the data were collected in the form of a library research from books, dissertations and articles. Results: This study showed that due to the transfer of enforcement to various executive agents, the implement-criminal policy governing dru...

The right to refuse treatment.